Officially the original 9 legions rebelled, and then 3 or 4 chapters sided with the astral claws diring the badab war and that is where the red corsairs came from, some of those were forgiven and did long penitent crusades, then of course there are the Soul Drinkers from the Ben Counter books, other than that theres not much published traitor fluff, which makes sense, as (fluff) such records tend to be "deleted" from imperial records (/fluff)
It can be imagined that over ten millenia the original factions have grown, had internal wars and split into factions, warred and split again, so there could be any number of seperate traitor factions these days. While the original 9 legions are still the greatest threat to the imperium and the most dominant among the chaos ranks, the resulting questionable numbers allow for the creation any number of rogue space marine elements.
